7/27/2023 0 Comments A dendrite conducts nerve impulses![]() Satellite glial cell: Line the surface of neuron cell bodies in ganglia (groups of nerve body cells bundled or connected together in the PNS).Schwann cells: The PNS equivalent of oligodendrocytes, they help maintain axons and form myelin sheaths in the PNS.NG2 glia: CNS cells that are distinct from astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia, and serve as the developmental precursors of oligodendrocytes.They form myelin sheaths on the axons of a neuron, which are lipid-based insulation that increases the speed at which the action potential, can travel down the axon. Oligodendrocytes: CNS cells with very few processes.They are the most abundant cell type in the brain, and are intrinsic to a healthy CNS. Astrocytes: Star-shaped macroglial cells with many processes found in the CNS.Microglial cells: Microglia are macrophage cells that make up the primary immune system for the CNS.Neuroglial cells are classified as follows: They are smaller than neurons, and vary in structure according to their function. Neuroglia encompasses the non-neural cells in nervous tissue that provide various crucial supportive functions for neurons. These are found in the granular layer of the cerebellum. Unipolar brush cells: Are excitatory glutamatergic interneurons that have a single short dendrite terminating in a brush-like tuft of dendrioles.Pseudounipolar neurons: Sensory neurons that have one process that splits into two branches, forming the axon and dendrite.Bipolar neurons: Sensory neurons that have two processes coming off the soma, one dendrite and one axon.They are the major neuron type in the CNS and include interneurons and motor neurons. Multipolar neurons: Have 3 or more processes coming off the soma (cell body).Interneurons: Cells that form connections between neurons and whose processes are limited to a single local area in the brain or spinal cord.Motor neurons ( efferent): Relay an action potential out of the CNS to the proper effector (muscles, glands).Sensory neurons ( afferent): Relay sensory information in the form of an action potential (nerve impulse) from the PNS to the CNS.Neurons are classified both functionally and structurally. When the action potential travels to the axon terminal, neurotransmitters are released across the synapse and bind to the post-synaptic receptors, continuing the nerve impulse. The bulb-like end of the axon, called the axon terminal, is separated from the dendrite of the following neuron by a small gap called a synaptic cleft. Axons are long projections that carry the action potential away from the cell body toward the next neuron. Dendrites are thin, branching projections that receive electrochemical signaling ( neurotransmitters) to create a change in voltage in the cell. ![]() They possess a large cell body ( soma), with cell projections called dendrites and an axon. Neurons are cells with specialized features that allow them to receive and facilitate nerve impulses, or action potentials, across their membrane to the next neuron. The tissue is categorized by its neuronal and neuroglial components. In the central nervous system (CNS), the tissue types found are grey matter and white matter. Two types of neuroglia found in the PNS are satellite glial cells and Schwann cells. ![]() Four types of neuroglia found in the CNS are astrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal cells, and oligodendrocytes. ![]() Nervous tissue is composed of neurons, also called nerve cells, and neuroglial cells. Bundles of axons make up the nerves in the PNS and tracts in the CNS.įunctions of the nervous system are sensory input, integration, control of muscles and glands, homeostasis, and mental activity. An axon is the long stem-like part of the cell that sends action potentials to the next cell. Nervous tissue is made up of different types of neurons, all of which have an axon. It is composed of neurons, also known as nerve cells, which receive and transmit impulses, and neuroglia, also known as glial cells or glia, which assist the propagation of the nerve impulse as well as provide nutrients to the neurons. It consists of two parts: the central nervous system (CNS) comprising the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) comprising the branching peripheral nerves. The nervous system regulates and controls body functions and activity. Nervous tissue, also called neural tissue, is the main tissue component of the nervous system.
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